Jane Eyre Analysis on Social Class - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1352 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Jane Eyre Essay Did you like this example? The novel Jane Eyre is not simply a romantic story. Instead, it is a novel about what was going on in Victorian England at that time in relation to changes in class and status. After digging deeper into the story, one can see that the main character Jane is trying to find her place in life (Chaurasiya). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Jane Eyre Analysis on Social Class" essay for you Create order The Victorian era which was known for being very rigid and had a strict social order to it. People who were wealthy were at the top and those who were poor were at the bottom. Jane was educated in upper class morals. This education became her saving grace and allowed her to transition between classes. Janes class status was obscured even before she was born. Her father was an impoverished pastor and her mother was from the middle class. The fact that they married despite being from two different social classes was considered unusual at the time. This left Jane stuck between the two social orders. After her parents died she was a left an orphan and was sent to be raised by her aunt, Mrs. Reed at Gateshead. Her aunt was very wealthy and she and her children were part of the upper social class. Janes social class was still ambiguous while living with her aunt and cousins because she was never allowed to be a real member of the family. While she was educated in the morals of the upper class she was continually reminded she did not belong there. For example, her cousin John Reed liked to torment her and always reminded her that he was more superior: You have no business to take our books; you are a dependent, mamma says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemens children like us, and eat the same meals we do, and wear clothes at our mammas expense. Now, Ill teach you to rummage my book-shelves: for they are mine; all the house belongs to me, or will do in a few years. (Bronte 5) John made sure to let Jane know she was lower than him and he had power over her. This was his way of justifying treating her as an outsider. While she was at Gateshead, Jane was closer to Bessie, their maid more than anyone else. Jane based her relationship and feelings about Bessie on who she was and how she treated her instead of how much money she had. Jane preferred to spend time with Bessie instead of her wealthy family because Bessie show her more affection than they did. This is further evidence that Jane was able to move between social classes. When Jane was finally sent away to the Lowood boarding school she was excited about it. She thought that she would not be judged based on her social class anymore but on who she was as an individual. Sadly, this was not the case. Instead, the headmaster of the school, Mr. Brocklehurst was a very mean and hateful man. He showered his wife and kids with money while neglecting and starving his students. At one point Jane was humiliated in front other entire school and called a liar (Bronte 63). Bronte was able to emphasize the social ideas and culture that a strict class system created by the difference in how Mr. Brocklehurst referred to Jane and her aunt. He used negative attributes such as dreadful and bad to describe Jane and positive ones such as charitable and pious to describe her aunt (Bronte 63). These were all based on their social class. As a result of this, Jane was forced to ward off negativity and demand that she be accepted for who she as a person, not judged by her socia l status. In the end, her time at Lowood was beneficial to her being able to move between social classes because she gained an education and learned about the characteristics of the aristocracy. As a result of her education and personal experiences at Lowood, Jane gained employment as a governess at Thornfield Estate. This moved her up from lower class to lower middle-class. She taught other orphans there and eventually met the man she would marry someday. His name was Edward Rochester. After her engagement to Rochester she found out he was already married and she ran away from Thornfield. This catapulted her into homelessness. She was freezing and starved so bad at one point that she tried to trade her belongings for food: Almost desperate, I asked for half a cake; she again refused. How could she tell where I had got the handkerchief she said. Would she take my gloves? No! What could she do with them? (Bronte 336) When the bakery refused to help her or give her something to eat this humiliated her even more. She realized was nothing more than a beggar at the very bottom of the lower class. The only thing Jane had left to offer anyone was her willingness to work hard and this gave her a glimmer of hope: I remembered that strangers who arrive at a place where they have no friends, and who want employment, sometimes apply to a clergyman for introduction and aid. It is the clergymans function to help at least with advice those who wished to help themselves. (Bronte 336) Jane went to a nearby house and sought help once again. The maid Hannah answered the door and immediately judged her and made her feel like the lowly orphan she was treated like her whole life. Bronte describes this meeting as follows: Distrust, the very feeling I dreaded, appeared in Hannahs face. Ill give you a piece of bread she said, after a pause; but we cant take in a vagrant to lodge. It isnt likely (Bronte 343). This was the climax. A pang of exquisite suffering a throe of true despair rent and heaved my heartI wept in utter anguish. Alas, this isolation this banishment from my kind! (Bronte 344) In this quote, Jane describes how Hannah sees her as worthless. It describes the utter despair that Jane has gone through as a result of being judged and cast out all her life due to her social class. While at the Marsh End, the owner St. John River found Jane a job as a teacher in a small nearby town. This enabled her to at least support herself and raised her social status a little. While there, she discovered she had an uncle who died and left her an inheritance. She was instantly independently wealthy and catapulted into the upper middle social class. The released her from the chains of the strict hierarchy of the Victorian class system. She was finally free. She also discovered that the Rivers family were her cousins and she shared her newfound fortune with them. This proved that Jane was only wanting her independence and not tied to one specific social class. To her, it was more about the right to live as she pleased and not about the money at all. Eventually, Jane decided to go back to Rochester. Now she was more mature and had a greater understanding of social classes. Before she left him, she was subordinate to him in social status. Now, she was on an equal footing and had more to offer to the relationship.She could be confident in being with him no matter what other people thought. As a result of being educated about upper class morals, despite the fact that Jane did not fit in any specific social class, she was able to move between classes. This gave her the ability to judge people on who they were and how they acted; not on what their social class was. In the end, this gave Jane the freedom and independence she longed for and fought so hard to achieve. Works Cited Bronte, C. (1993). Jane Eyre. Barnes and Noble. Chaurasiya, N. (2018). Socio-Economic Structures of Victorian England: A Study of Jane Eyre Spring Magazine on English Literature. [online] Spring Magazine on English Literature. Available at: https://www.springmagazine.net/study-of-jane-eyre/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2018].

The Effects of Population Growth in China - 1758 Words

Thesis statement : Since the population has grown rapidly since in the past Fifty (5) years, how did the Chinese government deal with the population explosion in the past and how will they deal,with it in the future? Though China is the worlds fifth-largest country in terms of area and the second largest country in Asia, it is the most populous country in the world. There is over one billion Chinese people which is 19 percent of the worlds population and the population still keeps growing. From 2000 to 2010, Chinese population growth is about 6.2% and if we compared the population from 1960 with 2010, the population had grown more than 100%. While half of Chinese people live in the rural areas, the urban population is growing†¦show more content†¦He came up with the one child policy which states the government will give the couples that agree to have only one child the special rewards such as cash bonuses, better housing and better jobs, or pay increases at work. On other hand, the people who have more than one child will face fines, wage cuts, loss of their jobs, and the prospect of social disapproval. To ensure the one child policy, the government publicized many forms of prop aganda athat listed all the advantages of one-child families all over the country. The effects of the one child policy was that more woman have access to birth control in China. About 87 percent of Chinese females and most of the Chinese females of reproductive ages are on contraception that had been chosen by the doctor. This has helped Chinese to control the births. Another method that used to control the number of births is abortion, but the number of female that seeking to do abortion in China is lower than in the United States. This has slowed down Chinas population growth a lot. The birth rate has fallen from 2.1 children per woman to 1.4 children per woman. 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There are more people on the planet than ever before, and the most rapid growth has happened within the last century. According to one source, human population growth is in a J-curve shape, a visualization showing that the increase is sudden and accelerating (Population Growth Over Human History, 2006)Read MorePopulation Dynamics and Its Effects on Climate Change Policy1306 Words   |  5 PagesPopulati on dynamics and its effects of climate change policy Population growth and its effects on climate change have been hotly debated in recent years by scientists and politicians alike. The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC has sparked great interest and concern over climate change and how it affects countries differently. The concept of environmental justice has focused on climate change’s unbalanced effects on developing countries, whose populations are more vulnerable to climate change

Pedicure and Dressing Area Free Essays

Client: Excuse me. Where would I find body lotion? Lucy: Body lotion? Have a look in the makeup section, in isle 4. Client: Actually, I did and there wasn’t any. We will write a custom essay sample on Pedicure and Dressing Area or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lucy: I’m sorry. Let me get some from De back. Do you need anything else? Client: Yes. I couldn’t find any nail file. Lucy: Ooh. I’m sorry, but we don’t have any nail file at the moment. Client: Oh, no. Don’t tell me that. Mom is going to kill me. I lost her nail file yesterday, so I need to get new one. Lucy: I’m sorry to hear that. Where is my nail file Let’s see, it will be 80 dollars in all. But you can charge it to your room. Great. Thank you. By the way, how much will the massage and the facial? I don’t have much cash on me. Sure. Let me show you to the dressing area. Mom. That’s a long time. Can I get massage in the meantime? For around 20 minutes. How long do I have to wait? Of course, but you might have to wait. There’s someone ahead of you. Good morning. WSDL it be possible to get facial? Can I help you, Ms’ Mary: I’m Mary. I have a 4 o’clock appointment for a manicure with Lisa. Receptionist: get a facial in the meantime? Receptionist: I’m sorry we don’t have anything until 5. Mary: Oh no. What about a massage. Receptionist: Yes. Please let me show you the dressing area. Mary: Thank you. One more question. Is it customary to tip the staff? Receptionist: Well, that’s up to you. But most clients give one or two dollars. How to cite Pedicure and Dressing Area, Papers

Anglo Saxson literature Essay Example For Students

Anglo Saxson literature Essay As the twenty first century begins it is nearly impossible to imagine a world with out a Christian influence. There is not a nation in the world that hasnt been introduced to the teachings of Christ in some form or another. It is easy to see then, difficulty of a reader who has emerged in this modern society to relate to the paganism associated with the two poems The Wander and The Seafarer. Both poems try and convince the reader the horrors and disadvantages that accompany paganism with a direct focus on loneliness, in the form of being exiled or from not knowing to love of the Christian God and foolishly intrusting in the Wyrd. Both poems are examples of Christian theology in direct conflict with the pagan belief systems during the Anglo-Saxon period of English history. In both The Wanderer and The Seafarer, both main characters are exiled. In one, the Seafarer, chose his exile, and the other, the Wanderer, was exiled through circumstance. In The Wanderer, the character is sick of life in general. He is on an extended journey, not only find himself, but also to find God. He is sick of the world that he was associated with, so he chose to leave it and go on a self imposed exile. Much like the Transcendentalist writer David Therough, the wanderer chose to live his life wandering through nature trying to find God and, to a greater extent, himself. He understands the proof of the Living God as opposed to the Wanderer who is traveling through nature searching for the ways of his old life. The wanderer is described as a grasshopper that has just lost his Hlafor (his feudal, warrior king) and is searching for another Hlafor to call his own. Unlike the Seafarer he is not looking for the Living God nor is he looking for the love of Christ, but rather another Hlafor to give him the earthly pressures that he has become accustom to. (NEED MORE ON THE WANDERER*****)Pagan and Christian conflicts are also apparent in the story. Like many Anglo-Saxon stories, this one contains both characters questioning their pagan ways, but also their previous lifestyle. The Seafarer, unlike the Wanderer, however, has an understanding of Christ and is able to compare Him to his old ways. The Wanderer on the other hand has nothing else to compare his old life to so he is now wandering trying to find a way to make his life the way it was before. Both poems are written with the stress on persuading a life of Christianity on its readers. The Wanderer, however uses more of a scare tactics rather than the way The Seafarer presents Christianity. While The Wanderer just presents loneliness and unfullfillment with life paganism, The Seafarer tries to show what can happen to one who has been introduced to the Lord and his journey through self-inspection. The narrator in both stories plays an important role in each because it (the framing narrator in The Wanderer and the older wiser narrator in The Seafarer) is able to portray the Christian theme more clearly. In The Seafarer, the narrator is the same person, yet at younger stages of his life. It is told in the first person and through experience. The Wanderers narrator is more complex however because there are two, one is the frame narrator (the Christian influence of the story) and the other is the internal narrator (the pagan Saxon in search of a new Hlafor). In The Wanderer the story is more directed towards the audience to try and scare them into a pagan less existence that is less lonely, less volatile, and less *censored*ey. In both The Seafarer and The Wanderer the theme is very conscious: A life with Christ is the only way to go. At this time in Anglo-Saxon history, when both Wyrd and Christianity come to a head, it is easy to see why the church had to record stories suck as these to appeal to the plebian people in order for them to relate to such a new and different way of living. However both stories used different tactics, whether it was fear or through a common story, to show what they thought was the Truth. Bibliography:

Michael Jackson Essays - Michael Jackson, HIStory Past,

Michael Jackson Consciousness expresses itself through creation. This world we live in is the dance of the creator. Dancers come and go in the twinkling of an eye but the dance lives on. On many an occasion, when I am dancing, I have felt touched by something sacred. In those moments, I felt my spirit soar and become one with everything that exists. I become the stars and the moon. I become the lover and the beloved. I become the victor and the vanquished. I become the master and the slave. I become the singer and the song. I become the knower and the known. I keep on dancing and then, it is the eternal dance of creation. The creator and the creation merge into one wholeness of joy. I keep on dancing. . . until there is only. . .the dance. (Jackson 1992, 2) Artists have a special communion with the creative forces of the universe. Regardless of the medium of expression used, artists utilize creative energies to produce works of art, beauty and power for humanity to witness. This is evident in paintings, sculptures, films and other forms, but it is universally expressed and appreciated through music and dance. When an artist focuses on both of these forms, the rhythm flows from his heart to the rest of his body until he becomes the rhythm itself. This can be seen in the life of Michael Jackson. His forms of creative expression cannot be confined to categories, styles, or mediums. He is his own art, and messages are his mediums. Great artists are not exempt from the slings and arrows of fortune, and Michael Jackson is no exception. Fame and popularity have prices one must pay, and to maintain the glitter of glamour, one must compete for the limelight. Despite his infamy, Michael Jackson continues to attract audiences and impart inspiring messages through his music. Katherine and Joe Jackson were married on November 5, 1940, under the Jehovah's Witness faith, They soon began to raise their family in a quiet little city called Gary, Indiana. Nine years later, their seventh son, Michael Joseph, was born on the 29th of August. Being musically inclined, Katherine and Joe shared their talents among their nine children. The Jackson children soon began to sing at the church choir and perform at school programs and town pageants. Michael, who began studying at Garnett Elementary School already was winning various talents contests at the age of five. A few months later, his older brothers formed a band and decided to entere various talent searches and amateur contests. It was only a few years later that Michael joined his brothers to form The Jackson Five. Joe Jackson arranged for The Jackson Five to perform at small clubhouses for a few bucks a night. Their talents did not go unnoticed. After being discovered, The Jackson Five released their first single in 1968. In that same year, they released their second single. Due to its success, they performed in the same shows as The Supremes, James Brown and Sammy Davis, Jr. After a number of performances, The Jackson Five signed a contract with Motown Records. I Want You Back / Who's Loving You, their debut single with Motown, sold two million copies in six weeks and earned them their first gold record. As a result, The Jackson Five was invited to appear on various television shows such as The Ed Sullivan Show, The Johnny Carson Show, The Sonny and Cher Show and Soul Train. In 1970, The Jackson Five released their first long playing album, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson Five. This album topped the charts in both England and America. In the mid-seventies, The Jackson Five Show aired on television and their albums continued to earn gold records. Wanting to have his own career, Michael Jackson left his brothers and began recording on his own. Having been the front man for The Jackson Five for many years, Jackson's separation from the group caused their album and concert sales to decline. Michael's first solo album, Off the Wall, turned out to be a success along with the singles She's Out of My Life and Rock with You. Off the Wall broke records and sold twelve million copies worldwide. Jackson continued to outdo himself with the victory of his following albums: Thriller, Bad, Dangerous, HIStory Past, Present and Future Book I and Blood on the Dance Floor. Michael Jackson's success has not only generated more contracts and more popularity, but also a number of world records,

Childhood Obesity Essays

Childhood Obesity Essays Childhood Obesity Essay Childhood Obesity Essay HTH can be done with education, prevention, healthy habits, and physical activities promotion. Also through Continuous Quality Improvement (ICQ). This approach helps to focus on the process of what needs to be improved rather than the individual alone. ICQ principles, tools, and techniques will help create different ways of to help with childhood obesity. 3 Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States. It is the most common chronic disease of childhood. The greatest health risk facing child ere today is not a terrible disease such as Bola, it is obesity. Childhood obesity is serious medical condition that affects children of all ages. It is particularly troubling because the extra weight usually Start children down the path to health problems in their futures. Obesity is a major contributor to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, depression, low self esteem and different types of cancer. The formula for keeping a healthy weight has always been the same, it a balance of the number of calories you consume with the number you burn. One of the best strategies to reduce obesity in children, is to improve diet and exercise habits. Childhood obesity continues o increase since the past decade. Treating and preventing childhood obesity needs to be established at a young age. It is important for parents and children to be educated and focused on making healthy lifestyle choices. The growing concern for obesity has become a public health concern. Efforts need to be made to prevent this disease from happening in the first place. Its important to get to the root causes of this disease. It is important to target children early in life to prevent unhealthy habits that may lead to obesity. Children are dependent on the nutritional environment and habits in which they grow up in, such as their homes, schools and communities. A shared effort from these groups are important in addressing childhood obesity. Childhood prevention policies should be created to ensure families, schools, and communities with the right tools and information on childhood obesity. Policies that CHILDHOOD OBESITY 4 improve access to healthy foods, support communities with healthy environments, and require healthcare facilities and schools in supporting healthy lifestyles for children. Theses are all great ways to make a positive impact on childrens health. Its important in creating environments in communities and schools, where physical activity and access to healthy foods are the standard. Addressing socioeconomic factors, such as poverty and education, has the largest potential impact on population health (Friend TRY). Communities Will also decrease both the health costs and financial burden that childhood obesity generates. In doing so, creating healthier, more vibrant communities for children and families that will help in long term success. Along with education, social and physical environment changes will help with healthy choices and attention have a great impact. Childhood obesity prevention efforts should become a focus in schools and communities. Changing our food environment can help improve nutrition and reduce obesity by educating people, changing our exposure to food, and improving the image of healthy food while making unhealthy food not attractive. Obesity results from eating too much as well as eating the wrong foods and lack of exercise. Consuming food and beverages high in energy density but low in overall nutritional value, such as food high in sugar and fat, is associated with weight gain and obesity (Ladylike 2006). A main contributor to weight gain and obesity is sugar, sweetened beverages. Other choices such as water would help reduce caloric intake for children. These efforts have led to improve the healthy quality of the food and beverages served at schools. For example schools now have healthier options such as water or milk in order to promote a balanced diet, along with an effort to improve the quality of food offered in schools. Local health departments can establish plans as well to reduce childhood obesity. This can be done by educating parents with healthy behaviors, the importance of physical activity and diet. A CHILDHOOD OBESITY 5 project can be put into place that aims to facilitate clinical quality improvement in primary care clinics with the importance of childhood obesity. In order to improve childhood obesity screening protocols can be established. An appropriate screening using IBM percentiles, education about obesity, establishing motivation and goal setting to implicate lifestyle change, and referrals that would help support the lifestyle changes, and the proper management that is based on national guidelines. Health departments, schools, and clinics can be provided on how to facilitate clinical quality improvements (ICQ) projects. Along with tools and resources needed to create a ICQ project and address challenges. Clinics will help in assisting health departments to establish formal obesity screening and management tools and protocols. The ICQ program will 1) get clinics and other health facilitates with clinical leaders, 2) arrange the quality improvement attempt with other organizational change efforts, 3) create a protocol along with tools based on national guidelines that are specific to holding obesity, 4) show the use of the Plan Do Study Act (PADS) model to create an effective use of this protocol and tools, and 5) reexamine protocols and tools based on the PADS results. The process of objectives were focused on a PADS cycle for childhood obesity. Discussing it with families, intervening to prevent it, and treating it when it occurs. Healthcare facilities can have obesity prevention that include assessment and prevention. Then prevention visits that focus on treatments. Also going beyond the practice of prevention and treatment. Health practices deed to identify overweight children and make referrals depending on IBM to dieticians or other health programs. Talk to families about good habits. As for the PADS Plan, this would include a team using forms to track IBM and other information. They will try it for one month. Then discuss forms with front desk and nurses. Do: Pilot with team, families were receptive to the forms and discussion. Study: No data collected other than measurements, but discussed with the rest of the clinic. Act: Show forms to rest of the clinic, and discuss process with them and get ready for implementation. CHILDHOOD OBESITY 6 Another PADS was Plan would meet in clinic teams and discuss what could be improved in process. Discuss different members of the teams plans and meet with other staff. Goal was to improve percentage of forms handed in. Do: Team members speak to staff to see if forms are getting to patients and check in with patients to remind them about forms and programs. Study: look over the different forms. Act: improvement in scores, discuss with other teams about the forms and programs at meetings. Also discuss individually with each patient over the next few weeks. The USDA that were set up were in eloping with future goals. To keep tract on forms and programs that would be offered. Track appropriate use of referrals based on Bums. Ultimately to see changes in Bums of the children and fewer obese kids it the clinics. Then in order to facilitate each ICQ step, tools were developed, challenges established and addressed, along with research and assessment needs were identified. Referrals were also made, questioners were answered, forms were collected, and plans were implemented. The clinics that participated have improved obesity screening and management in children. They also learned how to perform ICQ. Clinics can also help inform families to instill the importance of a healthy diet and nutrition. It is very important for parents to infuse healthy habits in children, if there is a desire for children to eat healthy, progress will be made. Children must want to eat healthy foods, and families that encourage children to do so will have a positive impact. Studies show that the earlier parents get involved in their childrens nutrition the better. One study, conducted by the Center for Childhood Obesity Research in Philadelphia, has shown that the hillier who were fed vegetables during adolescent years are more likely to maintain these habits and eat vegetables in their teenage years. Parents also need to become positive role models when it comes to nutrition, therefore the more educated they are, their children will become. Children are constantly observing their parents choices. Parents have a huge impact on 7 their children, simply by eating healthier themselves along with excising will help to encourage their children. Health professionals, parents and schools all can have a positive impact with promoting healthy lifestyles. Children consume more calories than they actually need each day, due to unhealthy eating options, habits, or lack of exercise. Children who arent shown healthier lifestyle choices, dont know any better. In order to prevent childhood obesity and future health complications associated with this disease, changes in the committees and there families must take place. It is essential that these changes are implicated. Its important to implement certain programs for children and making sure the right strategies are being used. Childhood obesity can affect that child for the rest of their lives. A good understanding among families and communities Of the causes and consequences of this disease is important in order for change to take action. The most important factor should be based on health benefits rather than weight loss. Communities and healthcare facilities can play an important role in improving the health of its children by promoting health lifestyle choices. Effective strategies for reducing childhood obesity, should be focused on environment in communities, schools, homes, and health care providers. Creating certain strategies with the right tools is key for keeping children at a lately weight. References 8 Beeline, L. (2006, August 20). The school lunch test. The New York Times.

What is Corporate Taxation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

What is Corporate Taxation - Assignment Example To fund Napoleonic Wars, William Pitt The Younger incorporated the simple process of taxation in Britain in the budget of 1798. And hence the tradition carries on. History of Corporate Tax: In the Finance Act of 1965, the process of uniform taxation for individuals and corporates was abolished and separate Corporate Taxation was started. It is currently governed by the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988, which has also undergone amendment. Advance Corporation Tax (ACT) and its abolition: The advance Corporation Act introduced in 1976 came as a blow to corporates as dividends paid by the corporates were highly and disproportionately taxed. 0n 6 the April 1999, it was abolished by Mr. Gordon Brown, the then vice chancellor of the Exchequer, who is none other than the Prime Minister of Great Britain today. Reduction of Rates by Gordon Brown In 1999: In the budget of 1999 Gordon Brown introduced a more efficient and proportionate taxing system or rate according to the volume of profits, as in opposition to an age-old system of 1965. A budget of 2002: It scrapped the tax on companies earning profits up to 10000 pounds and that witnessed a huge growth in the number of self-employed and small-scale industries. It is still perceived to be a major step in the UK's Corporate Taxation history. (Darmon, 2008) Adoption of Ethical and more scientific Appraisal standards: IFRSs or International Financial Reporting Standards was adopted by European Union in 2005 and hence as well as the UK to promote transparency in taxation system and hence benefited the corporates in general. (Nardi, 2005)Â   Finance Act of 2004: The first of its kind, it promoted the use of legal anti Tax Avoidance Schemes among Corporates. (Public Sector Information, 2004) Finance Act of 2005: For the need of higher revenues, Oil, Gas & Life Insurance companies were targeted in this budget and laws were implemented forcing them to pay lump sum tax installments and that cost these companies heavily. (Public Sector Information, 2005)

The Main Functions and Responsibilities of the Manager Case Study - 1

The Main Functions and Responsibilities of the Manager - Case Study Example It seeks to find out the ethical questions that managers may have to ask themselves as they make decisions. This report seeks to draw insight on management theories and elaborate on how they work in the real world. The report will attempt to draw conclusions based on interviewee’s experiences. It will examine how working relationships affect the execution and coordination of an organisation’s activities. Responsibilities of A Manager The interviewer began by asking the manager his responsibilities at his current position. He asked the manager to describe his areas of accountability, responsibility, and delegation. The manager described his responsibilities as divided into three main categories (Tripathi & Reddy, 2005, pp. 12-35). The operational responsibilities are in line with the organisation’s mission. The manager also deals with financial and administrative issues, which mainly relate to the organisation’s resources and how they are allocated and util ised. These include the human resource element where the manager is responsible for the allocation and distribution of staff and the tasks they handle. The third category of responsibilities in matters of compliance. It is upon the manager to ensure all the organisation’s activities adhere to set laws, regulations, standards, and ethics. The manager has the responsibility of implementing established policies and procedures to ensure the smooth, fair, and lawful running of the organisation. A manager usually has staff reporting to them. The interviewer asked the manager if the manager had ever had to deal with an underperforming member of staff, how the manager dealt with the matter and the result. Was there an improvement in the employee’s performance? Where there was no improvement, the interviewer asked about the steps the manager took.

My Cousin Vinny Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Cousin Vinny - Essay Example Surely this was mainly due to the police officer who kept harassing them, prodding them with questions such as, â€Å"At what point did you shoot the clerk?†, for example. One must realize that, if arrested, one has the right to have representation with one when answering questions, and one need not answer any questions one doesn’t want to, as it can and will be used against a person in a court of law. At trial, there were several errors of procedure and general blunders which would probably not happen in a real courtroom situation. â€Å"Vinny’s pre-trial research† was interesting.1 â€Å"Before the trial, Vinny interview[ed] key witnesses in person and trie[d] to envision how each one saw the crime.†2 At the arraignment, Vinny tries to argue the case instead of simply entering the plea of â€Å"not guilty,† a major mistake.3 Regarding opening statements, there is much to be said. This is a factual error. However, there were other things wrong with the opening statements. For example, Vincent came to court dressed appropriately (in a suit), but it was a red bellhop suit from a second-hand store that looked ridiculous. He wore this because the suit he usually would wear was unavailable, and he couldn’t wear his leather jacket to court. Although this might be a minor point, it is common for lawyers to dress professionally in a nice black or grey suit that has slacks and a jacket, with an appropriate knee-length or below skirt for women if it applies and they wish to wear one. Vincent’s opening statement, for his part, was very poor. Worse, when Vincent was challenged by the judge for his use of foul language in the courtroom, he said, â€Å"What?† and the judge found him in contempt of court for speaking rudely. Vincent also did not address the court by the term â€Å"Your Honor,† either, which was highly disrespectful. But that is just the tip of the iceberg here.

Heart Failure Case Study

Heart Failure Case Study Sharon Heather Ferguson-Guy When it comes to Heart Failure the best form for a brighter future is to optimise the intervention with treatment goals that are vital for the patients’ health, well-being and gain a better chance of longevity. The benefits of obtaining a compatible medication treatment goal for the patient, is so to reduce the stress and anxiety for the patient, which in turn can minimise hospital admissions. Anyone that has other cardiovascular risks such as diabetes, smoking, excessive alcohol (with young adults; with excessive alcohol consumption, they may be susceptible to ‘holiday heart syndrome’ which it is also known as) (Sanders, et al. 2012, p.628) and elevated blood cholesterol levels. The following case study was given freely from a neighbour on his present health. I have changed his name to protect his confidentiality. Case study: Mr Lloyd is a 73 years old widower and has heart failure in the form of Atrial Fibrillation. He started to become breathless after riding his bike; that he did daily. He said that he also noticed excitable flutters in his chest, but did not take much notice as he thought it was because he had over exerted on an activity at his time of life and put it down to the aging process. He popped to his local General Practitioner with his experiences and was put on a low dose of Warfarin. After a couple of weeks he returned and told his General Practitioner that he was not feeling any better and did not feel right. His General Practitioner told him to continue his dosage for another week. Mr Lloyd enjoyed walking if he was not cycling, but, due to the weather he left the bike at home. While on his way he slipped on ice and banged his head on the pavement. He was taken to hospital for the rest of the day due to a possible concussion. At the point of leaving he complained he still had a headache. The doctor was not surprised as he had banged his head and prescribed pain relief and told him what to watch out for with head injuries (They were aware of his medication he was on at the time). After a week of pain relief he still did not feel right. His daughter took him to a different hospital. The doctor asked what medication he was on and told him that he was on still on the warfarin, they took him off it immediately, and replaced with a very low dose of aspirin. They immediately took him for a MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan that revealed that he had a haemorrhage on the brain; it had been there since the fall. History: There is not a family history of heart failure. Has not smoked for 50 years. Does not have any previous illnesses. Has never drank alcohol. Has worked away from home outdoors all of his working life until retirement. Admitted that his diet improved since his retirement, as with his previous job required him to be away from home quite a lot of the time and so his lifestyle then contained of hotels and bar meals. Has never been a big eater and portions were always small. Signs and symptoms: Feeling breathless on light activities, more so when cycling Feeling weak and more tired Dizzy after excursion Pale but not all the time. No sickness Heart beating too fast, rhythm was irregular No coughing Not confusion No weight gain as always active BP normal No depressive feelings or cognitive problems Tests done: Auscultated lungs for changes – non were found Blood test was taken Blood Pressure – high on his visit, but often fluctuated between normal and high Neck veins checked – no distension found ECG that read Atrial Fibrillation Electrocardiogram was performed for 24 hours No chest x-ray was performed Pitting oedema was slight at the end of the day Medication before fall: Warfarin – was later changed to Aspirin Salbutamol inhaler Furosemide (unable to remember dose) Cod liver oil 2 spoonful’s twice a day – home remedies (On further reading on drugs.com I was curious regarding his cod liver oil intake and the medication of warfarin he was taking that may interact due to it containing vitamin K, this reduces the effectiveness of the warfarin and flagged an air of caution) (drugs.com) Mr Lloyd still suffered tiredness and breathlessness. Medication after fall for 4 months: Aspirin Cod liver oil 2 capsules twice a day – home remedies Pravastatin 20mg – 1 daily (reduces the bad cholesterol) Salbutamol – when required Simvastatin 20mg – 1 daily (changed from pravastatin also reduces bad cholesterol) Spiro inhaler – when required (drugs.com) Mr Lloyd was told to weigh himself every morning as he got out of bed. This was so he could take part in his own progress on any weight gain or weight loss due to the change of medication and possible fluid retention. He noticed the frequency during the day and maybe once at night in going to urinate. With the changed medication Mr Lloyd still suffered tiredness and was breathlessness on light activities. After a review with a specialist his present medication treatment plan is: Apixaban 5mg – 1 x 2 daily (reduce the risk of stroke clots) Atorvastatin 10mg – 1 daily Cod liver oil 2 capsules daily home remedies (not spoonful’s anymore) Digoxin 125mcg – 1 daily (makes the heart beat stronger and a regular rhythm) Dutasteride 0.5mg – 1 daily (used with Tamsulosin, reduce risk of urinary blockage) Omerprazole 20mg – 1 daily (acid reflux) Spiro inhaler – when required Tamsulosin hydrochloride 400mcg m/r capsules 1 daily– muscle relaxant, ease flow of urine (drugs.com) This drug therapy is working well and clear from any adverse reactions and only visits the General Practitioner twice yearly. Blood pressure is stable at 110/75 bpm. His weight has not changed. Mr Lloyd still charts his input and output of fluids. With this, he is able to monitor and report to his now General Practitioner any noticeable differences, to which, there is not any. Current status: Even though Mr Lloyd had to endure some frustrating discomfort with tiredness and breathlessness from past medications, these just didn’t suit him, (It may have been a perfect combination for somebody else) and the time it had to take to get the correct treatment goals and drug therapy to his own body’s balance, Mr Lloyd is continuing his everyday activities without any problems of breathlessness or tiredness that have hugely decreased. He has decided with himself and with agreement from his General Practitioner that after about 17.00 he will start to slow down, and relaxes after food, and will potter in his garden instead of cycling. I have only ever known Mr Lloyd to cycle everywhere and all day. He tells me that he now enjoys seeing a television programme to the end instead of falling asleep half way through. His medication has slowed down his ventricular rate and that he will go for another review later on this year. Mr Lloyd said that he would not mind if the dose was lowered or none at all as he does not like to be reliant on medication. The specialist Doctor after reviewing Mr Lloyd advised him to attend a rehabilitation gym (sponsored by the British Heart Foundation) to monitor his exercise regime and to teach him how to keep fit in a healthy way for his age. They also educated him on a tasteful diet without the worry of blandness. He still goes to the gym, mainly because he has made many friends with similar conditions, and able to swap ideas. Mr Lloyd values the presence of the professional medical staff that are there for any health or heart concerns. Treating congestive heart failure with medication: To optimise the correct and suitable medication would be to find the patients correct balance. This will take a selection of medication over a period of time in order to reach the optimum goal of drug therapy. The reason for this is to make less strain on the heart by using the correct combination of drug and its correct dosage. We must try and increase the cardiac output so the blood can pump more blood every minute. This will in turn improve the pumping action of the heart and reduce the hearts workload. So medication or a medical intervention may be suggested, the severity or damage would be taken into consideration. If there is a valve problem, it may be fixed with a repair or a replacement. If a more invasive form of fixing is needed, surgical implants may be required. This may be a pacemaker. This is a ventricular assisted device that contains a pulse generator with one, two or three electrode leads that give off electrical impulses to and from the heart (British Heart Foundati on 2014, p.13)(Cleland 2006, pp.72-44). A more severe case may include a heart transplant which includes a recently deceased donor that is a match for the recipient. There are risks involved like any other surgery, but a heart transplant may be rejected due to rejection, infection or the new heart does not work properly. (Cleland 2006, pp.79-80) We need to take the effort off the workload on the heart by decreasing the fluid overload and reduce the blood pressure, so medication to reduce the heart rate and increase vasodilation (widen the blood vessels, by relaxing the smooth muscle cells). Diuretics would be one solution that would help with the fluid overload. This will increase the urine output and so in turn decreases the fluid overload. Different diuretics such as thiazide and loop diuretics that will cause a general loss of sodium and water from the body but also other electrolytes (minerals in the blood). This must be monitored for hypokalaemia (low potassium) because of sodium and water loss, potassium can be lost from the body in large quantities. (Cleland 2006, pp.54-63)(Class notes 2014/15) Another diuretic is a potassium sparing diuretic, it is an aldosterone antagonist (blocks the sodium retention effects of aldosterone in the kidney). This may cause a reverse problem, the potassium sparing diuretic can cause the body to retain too much potassium, so the patient must be monitored for hyperkalaemia (high potassium). An imbalance of hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia in the body will be a risk of the electrical problems in the heart. By using diuretics the patient will be monitored for hypotension (low blood pressure) this is due to the fluid retention and the reduction of blood pressure medication. You must also monitor serum creatinine (waste product in the blood that comes from muscle activity and kidney function indicator). If the levels of this get too high, it will be an indication that the kidneys are having problems. (Class notes 2014/15)(Cleland 2006, pp.59-63) Other medications that will be help congested heart failure is to now focus on the blood vessels, the aim is to stimulate the function of the vasodilation that will rest the heart by slowing it down. The most used medication is called an ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme) (Cleland 2006, pp.53-56) this will block the enzyme that forms angiotensin II also known as ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) (Cleland 2006, pp.56-57) this causes the vasoconstriction to raise the blood pressure. The ACE inhibitor will interrupt the cycle of angiotensin II, this will then decrease the blood pressure. The increase of vasodilation with the ACE inhibitors and vasodilation will lower the blood pressure and so helps to reduce the workload on the heart. There will be a drop in aldosterone (is a corticosteroid hormone that stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys) levels causing a decrease in fluid overload. A medication called ARBS (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers) reduce the activity of the angiotensin II in the blood. You would prescribe this if the patient is not able to tolerate an ACE inhibitor. (Class notes)(Cleland 2006, pp.56) Beta blockers block the binding of norepinephrine (neurotransmitter) to the beta receptors on the heart, this will cause a decrease in the heart rate. Which in turn will decrease the blood pressure and the workload of the heart. With such an amount of medication, it is advisable to monitor the patient for hypotension. (Class notes 2014/15)(Cleland 2006, pp.57-59) References: Bibliography British Heart Foundation (2014) Pacemakers. Chronic heart failure | introduction | Guidance and guidelines (no date) Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg108/chapter/introduction (Accessed: 13 May 2015) Cleland, J. (2006) Understanding heart failure. London: Family Doctor Publications in association with the British Medical Association Prescription Drug Information, Interactions Side Effects (no date) Available at: http://www.drugs.com (Accessed: 14 May 2015) Sanders, M. J., Lewis, L. M., Quick, G. and McKenna, K. D. (2012) Mosby’s Paramedic Textbook [With DVD]. 4th edn. United States: Elsevier/Mosby Jems Citation (Chronic heart failure | introduction | Guidance and guidelines, no date) (Prescription Drug Information, Interactions Side Effects, no date) (Sanders et al., 2012, p. 628) (British Heart Foundation, 2014, p. 13) (Cleland, 2006, p. 56) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 57 – 59) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 57 – 59) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 56 – 57) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 53 – 56) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 59 – 63) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 54 – 63) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 79 – 80) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 72 – 74) Case study given freely by my neighbour. Font used – Calibri light. Size 11. Size 9 for references My draft copy was kindly read and checked by: The Clinical Manager and three different Clinical Supervisors at Yorkshire Ambulance Service.

Jean Paul Marat: Target and Martyr of Liberty Essay -- Jean Paul Marat

Jean Paul Marat: Target and Martyr of Liberty The French Revolution produced countless influential politicians throughout its tumultuous course. As a political figure in the French Revolution, Jean Paul Marat began as a nonentity and became a martyr to the revolutionary patriots of France. His influence is often misconstrued, and sometimes overlooked. Although he was not a political leader like Robespierre, his influence was substantial in that he motivated many people through his writings and powerful personality. Through his involvement with the Cordeliers’ Club and his journal Ami du peuple, started September 1789, Marat was able to express the indignation of the bourgeois class through his hopes for social revolution. His conspiracy theories and alleged prophetic outlook on the Revolution created an aura of mystery and intrigue around him, as well as detestation. Because he often stood alone behind his radical ideas, Marat became marked as the scapegoat for various controversial events of the period, and was se veral times forced into hiding to evade the law. Targeting Marat was an easy and effective way for the warring factions in the National Convention to assert their political dominance. It is curious how a virtual unknown and newcomer to government could become so crucial to the politics of the French Revolution, only to be murdered by another unknown in a seemingly isolated event. Marat’s assassination played a great part in what became the cycle of the Terror. Even though he was not a preeminent leader, both his life and death had an impact on the course of the Revolution. Because of his incendiary political beliefs and bold nature, the government targeted Marat, however, his assassination by the outsid... ...manities Press, 1997. Germani, Ian. Jean Paul Marat: Hero and Anti-hero of the French Revolution. Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1992. Gottschalk, Louis R. Jean Paul Marat: A Study in Radicalism. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1927. Gough, Hugh. The Newspaper Press in the French Revolution. London: Routledge, 1988. Marat, Jean Paul. Polish Letters. Bibliophile Society, 1905. Miller, Stephen. Three Deaths and Enlightenment Thought. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2001. Popkin, Jeremy D. Revolutionary News: The Press in France 1789-1799. Durham: Duke University Press, 1990. Scherr, Marie. Charlotte Corday and Certain Men of the Revolutionary Torment. New York: AMS Press, 1929. Sydenham, M.J. The Girondins. London: The Athlone Press, 1961. Walzer, Michael. Regicide and Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.

Julius Caesar Group Project

Julius Caesar Group Project: Analyzing Diction on Marc Antony’s Speech 1. Overall I would classify Marc Antony’s speech as largely monosyllabic as a whole in length. This took a much longer time to decide than it did of Brutus’ speech, this could be that Antony is a smarter and nobler person or that it’s just how Julius Caesar constructed the speech to persuade the crowd. One of the lines that demonstrate a great use of one syllable would be â€Å"My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar and I must pause ‘till it come back to me† (Shakespeare, Lines 108-109).This is just one of the many lines that uses a lot of one syllable words but in the end the speech was mainly one syllable in length. 2. Antony’s speech uses a very well use of both techniques of persuading and informing. I felt that there was more use of persuading in his speech than informing but that’s only because they love Antony at the end of the speech. An example o f informing from Antony is, â€Å"I come to bury Caesar not praise him† (Shakespeare, Line 2) Here he is just telling the audience and conspirators that he is just trying to give a simple Funeral.Antony is clever with his words by bluntly saying things and letting the audience’s mind go off and feel that things are correct. It’s not just the Audience that persuades themselves he says, â€Å"Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? † (Shakespeare, Line 92). Giving examples and then asking questions to play with their minds was a very successful tactic of Antony’s. 3. I felt that Antony’s diction was very formal in his speech; unlike Brutus the crowd does not respond in his speech.Antony uses advance word choice, which makes him look more intelligent to the not so intelligent clump of Romans. An excellent example of his formal diction would be, â€Å" So let it be with Caesar. The Noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious: if it were so, it w as a grievous fault, and grievously hath Caesar answer’d it† (Shakespeare, lines 79-82) the words such as grievous and ambitious show formal diction. Diction like Antony’s override’s Brutus’ speech with repititon which makes their mind believe that â€Å"WOW!This really is impressive and he’s right! † although he does fall short with not letting the audience get in some action of their own opinion. 4. Antony is very wise and really gets people in his speech in Act 3 Scene 2 by using denotative examples and not â€Å"what if† and â€Å"in general† meanings. He not only gives specific examples on how things should be but also on how things shouldn’t be which is genius like of Antony to portray pros and cons. Lines 90 and 91 re perfect examples of specifics he tells us, â€Å"He hath brought many captives home to Tome whose ransoms did the general coffers fill†¦. † (Shakespeare, Line 90-91) Antony uses end less examples but this one stuck out to me most. 5. Going back to specifics, my feelings have not changed, Antony is lousy with specifics that make his speech concrete. Another one of his detailed specific would be from line 93 where he states, â€Å" When the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept:† (Shakespeare, Line 93).Not only is this fact dead one but also it involves pathos and makes Caesar look even better! 6. One of Antony’s tactics also for his great speech was the euphonious tone/ word choice he used. Typically when you use a nice/pleasant tone with people, they will give you what you want. One of the more highlighting parts of the euphonious words was in line 89 where he declares, â€Å"And Brutus is an honourable man. †. Even though Antony disagreed very highly of Brutus and the conspirators he still followed the rule Brutus gave him and used very appreciative words with the crowd. . According to Marc Antony’s diction I do feel that he does achiev e his overall purpose for the crowd to like him, honor Caesar, and strongly hate Brutus and the conspirators. He succeeds this overall purpose by being clever and tricky with his words by speaking against Brutus he falls short by not using as much emotion. The greater part of his speech was most definitely greater than any other part of his speech.

Free Essays on Speeding

â€Å"For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.† Everyone has heard of this famous expression by Newton, plenty of times. It means if you do something wrong, someone will pay the price. An everyday occurrence of this expression happens when you speed. If you speed, and get caught, usually the consequences are receiving a ticket. Because the law was broken, now it is going to cost. The popular movie† Top Gun† coined a phrase, â€Å"I feel the need, the need for speed.† Many drivers today would agree with that phrase. Speeding is one of the most common ways that people break the law. When people break the law there are many unpleasant consequences. A speeding ticket is an effective form of discipline. The ticket that is received makes the unresponsible drives pay for their action. If someone tends to speed a lot then there actions will send them right to traffic school which will be paid for in there own expense. Every time someone receives a speeding ticket their insurance provider is notified and this will increase the drivers insurance because the speeding is a traffic violation. Paying for a speeding ticket is an unpleasant experience. A ticket can be outrageously expensive depending on how fast someone was going. Some states charge ten to twelve dollars every mile over the speed limit. The officer assigns you a day to appear in court, if you choose to fight the ticket rather than pay the fine. Waiting in the courtroom to see the judge can be very close to a death sentence. The wait is long, and the company can be frightening. Once you plead your case, you generally end up paying the fine. In addition, paying for the traffic school is also a not so pleasant experience. If you waited to see the judge, you may be on your way after paying the fine. If the judge is kind and offers a traffic school option, the unpleasantness continues. Usually, the traffic school is no where near the courthouse, which causes you to searc. .. Free Essays on Speeding Free Essays on Speeding â€Å"For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.† Everyone has heard of this famous expression by Newton, plenty of times. It means if you do something wrong, someone will pay the price. An everyday occurrence of this expression happens when you speed. If you speed, and get caught, usually the consequences are receiving a ticket. Because the law was broken, now it is going to cost. The popular movie† Top Gun† coined a phrase, â€Å"I feel the need, the need for speed.† Many drivers today would agree with that phrase. Speeding is one of the most common ways that people break the law. When people break the law there are many unpleasant consequences. A speeding ticket is an effective form of discipline. The ticket that is received makes the unresponsible drives pay for their action. If someone tends to speed a lot then there actions will send them right to traffic school which will be paid for in there own expense. Every time someone receives a speeding ticket their insurance provider is notified and this will increase the drivers insurance because the speeding is a traffic violation. Paying for a speeding ticket is an unpleasant experience. A ticket can be outrageously expensive depending on how fast someone was going. Some states charge ten to twelve dollars every mile over the speed limit. The officer assigns you a day to appear in court, if you choose to fight the ticket rather than pay the fine. Waiting in the courtroom to see the judge can be very close to a death sentence. The wait is long, and the company can be frightening. Once you plead your case, you generally end up paying the fine. In addition, paying for the traffic school is also a not so pleasant experience. If you waited to see the judge, you may be on your way after paying the fine. If the judge is kind and offers a traffic school option, the unpleasantness continues. Usually, the traffic school is no where near the courthouse, which causes you to searc. ..

Profile and Biography of Pauline Cushman

Profile and Biography of Pauline Cushman Pauline Cushman, an actress, is known as a Union spy during the  American Civil War. She was born June 10, 1833, and died December 2, 1893.  She was also known by her last married name, Pauline Fryer, or her birth name, Harriet Wood. Early Life and Involvement in the War Pauline Cushman, birth name Harriet Wood, was born in New Orleans.  Her parents’ names are unknown. Her father, she claimed, was a Spanish merchant who had served in  Napoleon Bonaparte’s  army. She grew up in Michigan after her father moved the family to Michigan when she was ten. At 18, she moved to New York and became an actress. She toured, and in New Orleans met and in about 1855 married a musician, Charles Dickinson. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Charles Dickinson enlisted in the Union Army as a musician. He became ill and was sent home where he died in 1862 of head injuries. Pauline Cushman returned to the stage, leaving her children (Charles Jr. and Ida) for periods in the care of her in-laws. An actress, Pauline Cushman toured after the Civil War touting her exploits as a spy who had been captured and sentenced, saved three days before her hanging by the invasion of the area by Union troops. Spy in the Civil War Her story is that she became an agent when, appearing in Kentucky, she was offered money to toast Jefferson Davis in a performance. She took the money, toasted the Confederate President, and reported the incident to a Union official, who saw that this act would make it possible for her to spy on Confederate camps. She was publicly fired from the theater company for toasting Davis, and then followed the Confederate troops, reporting back on their movements to Union forces. It was while spying in Shelbyville, Kentucky, that she was caught with documents giving her away as a spy. She was taken to Lt. Gen. Nathaniel Forrest (later head of the ​Ku Klux Klan) who passed her off to General Bragg, who did not believe her cover story. He had her tried as a spy, and she was sentenced to hang. Her stories later claimed that her execution was delayed because of her ill health, but she was miraculously rescued when the Confederate forces retreated as the Union Army moved in. Spying Career Over She was given an honorary commission as a major of cavalry by President Lincoln on the recommendation of two generals, Gordon Granger, and the future president James A. Garfield. She later fought for a pension but based on her husband’s service. Her children had died by 1868. She spent the rest of the war and the years after again as an actress, telling the story of her exploits. P.T. Barnum featured her for a time. She published an account of her life, especially her time as a spy, in 1865: The Life of Pauline Cushman. Most scholars agree that much of the biography is exaggerated. Later in Life An 1872 marriage to August Fichtner in San Francisco ended just a year later when he died. She married again in 1879, to Jere Fryer, in Arizona Territory where they operated a hotel. Pauline Cushman’s adopted daughter Emma died, and the marriage fell apart, with separation in 1890. She eventually returned to San Francisco, impoverished. She worked  as a seamstress and chairwoman. She was able to win a small pension based on her first husband’s Union Army service. She died in 1893 of an overdose of opium which may have been intentional suicide because her rheumatism was keeping her from earning a living. She was buried by the Grand Army of the Republic in San Francisco with military honors. Source: Christen, Bill.  Pauline Cushman, Spy of the Cumberland.  Publication date: 2003.Sarmiento, F.L.  Life of Pauline Cushman, the Celebrated Union Spy and Scout: Comprising Her Early History;  Her Entry into the Secret Service of the Army of the Cumberland, and Exciting Adventure with the Rebel Chieftains and Others While Within the Enemys Lines; Together with Her Capture and Sentence to Death by General Bragg and Final Rescue by the Union Army under General Rosecrans. 1865.

Customer Service Excellence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Customer Service Excellence - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that customer service excellence stands at the center of any business that has a chance to interact with the customer directly. Direct customer interaction gives the company or business an opportunity to simply tell the customer â€Å"we appreciate your coming and we are here to ensure you have the best of an experience with us†. The marketing gesture creates a chance to impress the customer and make their experience splendid creating a future relationship that could help build customer loyalty. In supermarket business, the customer obtains both a product and a service that either impresses them or turns them off in relation to their shopping experience. The customers have expectations that require satisfaction. The satisfaction of the customer expectations creates an opportunity for the customer to fill the need to constantly shop in the same place. The development of customer service excellence started earlier as 1991 with the deve lopment of the national standard for excellence in customer service as per the UK, especially in the public sector businesses. The development was changed in the later years as per 2008 where this was changed to customer service excellence. The advantage that this gesture created in public sector attracted the private sector more and had it re-engineered to develop it further and enhance the experience. Dealing with customer experience has become an obligation that any service industry aims at if it is to satisfy the needs of the customer

The Leader as a Strategist Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Leader as a Strategist Report - Assignment Example Analysis of the strategic cascade According to Michael E. Porter, strategy is the ability of the organization to make an informed decision about when, how and where to target the customers, set the desired objectives and facilitate resources and thereby make a difference between mangers who thinks strategically for future prospects. Therefore anticipating these desired movements into the current decision making process helps to set stage in order to create a competitive advantages. Porter had referred to operational effectiveness as â€Å"performing similar activities better than rivals† and referred strategic positioning as activities performed by organization in different way. Real strategy for an organization is to choose a different path in order to deliver mix of activities and values. According to Porter, strategy is about choices and not about what to do and what not. Thus it can be said that Strategy is all about combing the activities and Google has adopted the simila r strategy which has made it the top most search engine company across the globe. Business Strategy Target market Goggle has targeted both consumers and the business enterprises or the advertisers. Google searchable database favors the big business houses and the established merchants. Google deals with viral marketing and has been able to attract the attention of media for both paid and free promotions. Goggle has also targeted the software market; the search engine has let firms run the email calendar and other services in order to build in the offerings for the individuals (BBC News, 2006). Value proposition Goggle is search engine and it derives its value proposition by delivering with all the important and necessary information that is need by the target customers. Google value proposition is based on the concept of reaching people actively who are looking for information about the products and services online. Thus it becomes easier for a searcher to reach the concerned people who are looking exactly for the products or services that one is offering. Therefore the value to users and to the advertisers is aligned hence everybody wins, the advertisers and the users. And most important in Google when something is searched for, the ads are in the form of result that is meeting with the needs and wants of the customers. Positioning Google has positioned its products and services in the market and with its respective target market as a search engine which provides information about everything that the customer’s types in, which means that search with Google gets smarter and faster. One can share document without having to cut and paste through Gmail contacts and use all the necessary services. Google defines itself as the â€Å"perfect search engine† as it tends to understands what a customer wants and gives back exactly the desired information (Google-a, n.d). Google earns most of the revenue from advertising and is one of the most visited sites on the internet. In order to produce user fees, the company has supplemented their searches which are free with a service named Google Answers. Google pays about three quarter of its revenue who answers the question and keeps with it the other 25% of the fees. Fees start at a price of $2.50 and at an average point of $75 (Kotler, 2008, p.283).

Medieval Philosophy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medieval Philosophy - Term Paper Example Examining the writings of Augustine and Aquinas provides textual comparisons in understanding how the two philosophers diverged in their opinions. Augustine The discussion that Augustine held about the Academicians shed light on his point of view where truth was concerned. He relates to his reader, within his letter to Romanianus, that the Academicians seem to believe that there are absolutes and that the truth is a defined place, although they do not know where that place exists. He suggests that moving away from the Academicians and towards philosophy reveals that the truth is defined by the fact that the truth is truth, that it moves through the subject and rests in places where all can discern that it is true, a common place where wisdom is attained. In finding the center of truth, Augustine believes that it is through the study of philosophy that truth can be approached, but not through listening to those who would say that they know the truth definitively without knowing truth. Cicero states in Academica 2.10.32 that â€Å"[The Academicians] hold that something is plausible and in a way â€Å"truth like†, and that they employ this as a guide both in the conduct of life and in [philosophical] investigation and discussion† (Augustine 37). He goes on to discuss Zeno by saying â€Å"He contended that nothing can be perceived except what is true in such a way that it can be distinguished from the false by a dissimilarity in their marks, and that opinion should not enter the mind of the wise man† (Augustine 40). His purpose in going against the Academicians can be summed up in this statement that Augustine makes â€Å"your Academicians should be likewise laughed at, since they say that in this life they follow something truth like, although they do not know what the truth is† (Augustine 44). The Academicians sought the truth, but did not claim to have found it. Augustine discusses that wise men had, previous to the Academicians, been wise because their culture determined that they knew the truth. Academicians, on the other hand, felt that a wise man continued on a search for the truth, but did not ever claimed to have found it. Augustine states that â€Å"Reason, then†¦shows you that a wise man is the kind of person who is not ignorant of wisdom† (Augustine 60). Augustine makes the argument that human beings can find wisdom and that they can discern the truth. He suggests that having knowledge that determines the truth is in the purview of the wise man. Without this accession, there can be no such thing as a wise man. This argument, then, is suggesting that rational thought is in defining what is true. He argues against those who would suggest that it is not possible to ’know’ or to assess ’truth’. In understanding, the human being shows that he has a capacity beyond animals. In his discussion with Evodius, he shows that the human sense of rationality comes from being abl e to understand beyond the inner sense. The inner sense can discern existence, but human reason can understand that there is existence. He moves through his discussion of understanding to explain wisdeom, then back to truth. He states â€Å"

Business ethics Essay Example for Free

Business ethics Essay In business there will always be the line to act with integrity or to lie, cheat, and steal. Famous author Douglas Adams once said, â€Å"To give real service you must add something which cannot be bought or measured with money, and that is sincerity and integrity† (Heathfield, n. d). The priority of any business is to serve the needs and wants of the customer and more important his or her stakeholders. Any business decision made in major corporations must line up with stakeholder’s interests, but more important stakeholders have the social responsibility to represent in the best interest of the entire corporation. The prevalence of so many major scandals with corporations caught in the public is drawing much needed attention on concepts of ethic, and social responsibility. Ethics and corporate responsibility is a direct application of the ideas of in business practice. This papers purpose is to explain the role of ethics and social responsibility in building a strategic plan while incorporating the stakeholder interests. Business execs have the responsibility to adhering to the unspoken ethics they have only not taught but also have enforced by society and the law. Ethics are inherently common sense decisions made by those in authority with the power to affect an entire organization. When, business executives make decisions they must consider business ethics and the organizations (stakeholders) values. Once the essential questions ask is, â€Å"Do the organization’s values reflect accepted society values? (Young, 2004) Business executives must execute strategic business plans where they take into account not only each value associated with each choice, but the consequences of each choice. The interests of the stakeholder are one of the prime obligations of an organization. The demands of the stakeholders are generally to increase profits; this is echoed by economist Milton Friedman, the â€Å"one and only one social responsibility of business is to increase its profits, assuming an honest and open marketplace†. (Bigelow, 2013), According to Friedman also that corporations owe no responsibilities to society. However, critics will disagree that corporate social responsibility is always to put the customer first, which ensures a customer’s happiness and loyalty. Stakeholders are not only investors into companies but they also have voting power, which carries social, and financial influence within the company. Their social responsibility is to the customers and to the employees (Jones, 2012). They have decision power, and ultimate control over allocation of resources. Corporations and organizations ultimately exist to satisfy the needs and agendas of the stakeholders. The problem lies in, however; when the needs and the agendas of the stakeholders can blur the line between what is ethically right and what is considered against the law. The organization’s obligation to the stakeholder is as much as a priority as the relationship to the public. â€Å"The relationship between a customer and a firm exists because of mutual expectations built on trust, good faith, and fair dealing in their interaction† (Ferrell). When creating a strategic business plan the organization must incorporate its social responsibilities for the customer, and prevent any ethical dilemmas. Clear examples that recently have captivated the news over the decade has been the highly publicized cases of Waste Management, Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, HealthSouth, which exaggerated earnings to meet the expectations of stakeholders, Freddie Mac, AIG, Bernie Madoff, and host of others. These examples of accounting fraud, manipulation of books, and stealing from clients made by top executives in the position to meet the expectations of stakeholders and not making ethically sound decisions. To prevent these scandals from occurring, ruining not only the organization, the employees but also the public’s faith within the corporate world, according to research ethical risk management is an option dependent on the infrastructure in which it promotes ethical conduct and standards. The directives and the support from management in the way it manages potential problems with the lack of ethical standards. Because of the number of scandals not only have businesses implemented stronger measures for ethical practices but also have the legal systems. The establishment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002, which came after the scandal of WorldCom, was because the number of major corporations collapsing under the weight of their own unethical practices. According to the SEC, â€Å"the Act mandated a number of reforms to enhance corporate responsibility, enhance financial disclosures and combat corporate and accounting fraud, and created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, also known as the PCAOB, to oversee the activities of the auditing profession† (SEC, 2012). Ethics is a fundamental part of compliance and governance systems. Ethics explicitly should integrate into the elements of strategic planning in businesses. In determining the roles that factor into managing stakeholder’s interests ethically organizations must first take into consideration that the business is the first line of defense in taking responsibility for managing and supervising corporate responsibility effective in accordance with the level of influence the business set by the organization. Executives in a position to communicate to stakeholders must always implement ethical decisions when balancing their needs and the organizations’. The executives must be responsible in providing clarification and verification of ethical standards in place. The executives must drive the culture and work environment of compliance toward ethical standards and practices to ensure the effectiveness. Business ethics is important in every organization and the main responsibility is to act with integrity and honesty. References Ferrall, O. C. (2004). Business ethics and customer stakeholders. Academy of Management Executive, 18(2), retrieved from http://danielsethics. mgt. unm. edu/pdf/Customer Stakeholders. pdf. Bigelow, L. (2013). What are the social responsibilities of a company to its stakeholders? Hearst Newspapers, Retrieved from http://smallbusiness. chron. com Heathfield, S. (n. d. ). Inspirational quotes for business and work: Integrity. Retrieved from http://humanresources. about. com Young, P. (2004). Ethics and risk management: Building a framework. Risk Management, 6(3), 23-34. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org â€Å"The Laws That Govern the Securities Industry. † (2012). SEC. Retrieved from http://www. irmi. com/expert/articles/2005/head02. aspx.

Red Bull Analysis | A Multinational Company

Red Bull Analysis | A Multinational Company Executive Summary Red Bull has turned itself into a multinational company that offers a product that enhances the mind and the body. Their method of managing their internal and external situation and circumstances has become an interesting topic for many. Thus we conducted some analysis to look at Red Bulls strategies, and especially the international strategies. The external analysis was a mix of positive and negative observations, for example they have the advantage of the customer loyalty and the production cost, and however, they are in the territory of major players in the beverage industry which put them at risk. Nevertheless, the industry analysis and peer review helped to shed some light on Red Bulls external report, where we can see a substantial growth in the industry and Red Bull headship in the energy drink market. Through the internal analysis we observed that Red Bull leads a proactive approach towards their business by adopting conventional and unconventional methods to expand their horizons. Through the value chain model, we observed that Red Bulls internal marketing and sales strategies have shown ground breaking success on international scale. Moreover, the HR has accomplished to attract the right candidates to achieve the required goals, simple because they are young and know the young target market exactly. The generic strategy analysis of Red Bull has presented Red Bull a differentiated product within its market and a focused-differentiated product within the beverages industry. The norm is that any kind of differentiated products target few selected customers, however, Red Bull did become selective but became massively popular among the youth, and hence, they produce over 1 billion cans each year. The SWOT analysis they was conducted on Red Bull has crystallized some Weaknesses and threats. However, the Strengths and Opportunities outweigh the downside of Red Bull; moreover, the Weaknesses and Threats that Red Bull faces can easily be managed and fixed by Red Bull. We can safely conclude that Red Bull has adopted the right target market and the right method to communicate with the target market. More interestingly, we can see that Red Bull has adopted a product and especially a marketing strategy that can easily be copied to different counties and culture. In other words, it has spoken the language of the youth. History Background History A red cape is not always necessary to attract a bull towards you; nowadays it has become available in a can in the hypermarket, supermarket, grocery and the club near you. This all has become possible thanks to a visionary man called Dietrich Mateschitz, who is the discoverer, modifier, and introducer of the internationally famous drink, Red Bull. It all started in Hong Kong, in 1982, when Mateschitz was at the hotel bar sipping a famous local health tonic. While he was drinking he had a vision of marketing an Asian drink in the western countries. About two years from the vision, the Austrian Mateschitz teamed up with a Thai business man called Chaleo Yoovidhya to produce this product. Together they fiddled with the product, to take out the syrup nature of the product and make it fizzy. Canned in a silver and blue container, with a brand the shows two red bulls going head-to-head against each other, hence the brand was named Red Bull. (Red Bull Founder Rides Wave of Success) In 1987, the product was then taken to Austria where it had its first groundbreaking success in no time. In started going international in 1992, when they entered Hungary. Red Bull is currently active in over 100 countries, energizing the population and creating competition as they go along. One source mentioned that there are over 150 energy drink brands, however, all inferior to the mighty Red Bull (A REFRESHED CREW IS AN EFFICIENT CREW). With over 1 billion cans sold each year, Red Bull controls 70% of the worlds market share of energy drinks. Background Red Bull became strong when they created a high quality drink that is only made in Austria. Furthermore, all of its ingredients are synthetically made in pharmaceutical companies to grantee high quality and safety. Moreover, due to the ingredients of the product, it is said that Red bull (Red Bull FAQ): Improves performance Improves concentration and reaction speed Improves vigilance Improves emotional status Stimulates metabolism However, the main reason for the success of Red Bull is in its advertising style. Red Bull tends to spend very little on conventional or traditional marketing tools, like TV and Print ads. Their marketing strategy is usually out of the box and creative. Red Bull tends to be more active in sponsoring extreme spots and giving away samples in local events. Due to the fact that Mateschitz has been involved in Formula One racing for more than a decade, he used the events to draw attention to his brand. In addition, he sponsored the World Stunt Awards, an annual fund-raiser to help injured stunt workers (Red Bull Founder Rides Wave of Success). Moreover, some observers say that Red Bull uses the anti-branding method of advertising, where they broke the usual method of marketing and branding. Actually what they did was use the buzz marketing strategy or better known as word of mouth. With this strategy, they associated their brand with the youth culture and extreme and adventure-related spo rts, such as motor sports, mountain biking, snowboarding and dance music. Thus they targeted their brand directly to people from Generation Y, the so-called millennials: people born after 1981 who were believed to be cynical of traditional marketing strategies (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business). The Buzz over Red Bull among the youth and their underground attitude has created Red Bulls reputation as the drink within that community. That is why Red Bull continues to use Viral marketing internationally, where the company would rather restrict the supply of Red Bull and not advertise it, expecting that growing numbers of target consumers to catch the bug and its reputation would spreads. Through this strategy, Red Bull has successfully captured 70% of the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤1.6 billion market (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business). External Analysis Porter Five Force Analysis The external analysis is one of the most important steps that a company should take to achieve to its goals and objectives. Moreover, for taking this step we should be aware of the essence of formulating competitive strategy which is related to company and its external environment. Also, we know that the relevant environment is very broad; encompassing social as well as economic forces, the key aspect of the firms environment is the industry or industries in which it competes. In addition, taking care of industry structure which has a strong influence in determining the competitive rules is very important because it includes the game as well as the strategies potentially available to the firm. Forces outside the industry are significant primarily in a relative sense; since outside forces usually affect all firms in the industry, the key is found in the differing abilities of firms to deal with them. Michael porter has offered a unique framework for make an easy way to analyze. Michae l Porters framework for industry analysis is described in his book Competitive Strategy (1980). In this book Porter claims that there are essentially five forces which determine the underlying structure of an industry. Rivalry among existing competitors, buyers, suppliers, potential entrants into the business and Threat of substitute products are those five forces which can have positive or negative effects on industry structure by making the industry more or less competitive. Potential Entrants In this case the potential competitors of red bull are soft drinks companies, which can produce energy drink with out adding bubbles. If the barriers of entry are high, it is difficult for potential competitors to enter the market. Three main sources of barriers to new entry: brand loyalty, absolute cost advantages, and economies of scale. Brand loyalty Due to the done research, innovation in creating new energy drinks, proper and profession advertisement, holding many special events and sponsorships, and having high quality for its products makes Red Bull as well known brand with a strong brand loyalty which is a barrier for any new entrant to enter the energy drink industry to compete with it. Cost advantage According to the Michael Porter, normally cost disadvantage is a big barrier for companies to enter an industry as new entrants because it can be cost advantage for existing companies in that industry. Also, companies with the help of cost advantages can compete and beat their competitors very easily because usually it is difficult for new entrants to match their companies with the lower cost structure. Therefore, Red Bull because of Red Bulls superior production and operation processes, and their experience in the energy drink industry, and control of its inputs according to their experience in producing red bull drinks, benefit the cost advantages with keeping its quality in the high level. Although there are many energy drinks existing in the industry with the lower price rather than Red Bull, as quality aspect they have not cost advantages both in quality and price, so Red Bull is steps ahead from its competitors in this case. Customer switching cost In food and beverage industry there is no switching cost for costumers with considering the level of quality, therefore it can be considered as threat for existing companies in this industry. In this case, Red Bull is not exceptional, so they need to keep their quality at the same level to not loosing their market share by coming new entrants because it is real threat for them. Government regulations One of big issues and always concerns for companies which like to go internationally is government regulation, also, in this case some Europe countries have problem with selling Red Bull and have tried to ban it. They claim that Red Bull was the cause of death of people in those countries. France, Belgium, and Sweden ban using the mixture of Red Bull and alcohol. So, it can be a threat for them in taking the market share and having a bad image for their brand. . (French Ban on Red Bull (drink) Upheld By European Court) Intensity of Rivalry Rivalry in some industries is characterized by such phrases as warlike, bitter, or cutthroat, whereas in other industries it is termed polite or gentlemanly. Energy drink industry has an intense rivalry because of a number of interacting structural factors: Industry competitive structure Due to the competition in the energy drink market, Red Bull focuses on non-price competitive weapon like offering exhilarating events, high quality products and sponsorship. In contrast with other competitors Red Bull attract more costumers to its company by growing in 45%marketshare. Accordingly Red Bull has a major influence on its competitors performance in the industry because Red Bull is one of the pioneers in energy drink industry and many companies try to obey and consider Red Bull as benchmark. Industry demand In the energy drink industry, because of the various proper advertisements to encourage people to use and drink energy drinks (giving the image that people can fly) the demand for drinks is increasing. Thus, this is a good point for the company because there are lots of opportunities for every company to fill the current demand and rivalry tend to reduce in the industry, also there is space for everyone to jump in enter the industry (growing stage), and the profit of the company is going to increase which is a goal that every company is seeking it. Buyers Having strong and stable costumers are suppliers and producers concerns, producers like to have costumers with large quantity level of ordering and stable financial status basically in energy drink industry especially Red Bull costumers (buyers) are wholesalers and big retailers. These buyers buy the energy drinks through the company or its representatives, and resell them to supermarket, bars, restaurants and end users. Red Bull faces buyers with high level of bargaining power, and it is real risk for Red Bull. Main reasons for this high bargaining power of buyers in this case are; the switching costs in the energy drink industry are very low. So, Red Bull buyers can switch from Red Bull to other energy drink companies which produce it with lower prices without any difficulty. Also, in most cases energy drink buyers (retailers and wholesalers) purchase products in large quantities, and it is obvious that the more buying in quantity, the more bargaining power the buyer has. So they c an use their power to reduce the cost of energy drinks. Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is the same story like bargaining power of buyers but from other side. Red Bull company has both kind of suppliers as bargaining power, some very strong and others weak, so they can balance between them. For instance, the supplier of Glucuronolactone is Glaxo Smithkline Company. Red Bull energy drink buys their Glucurnopolacton inputs from this company. So the bargaining power of this supplier is very high on Red Bull. But the other ingredients are assembled from several small suppliers, and Red Bull has the bargaining power on them. Also, Red Bull has many channels and substitutes suppliers for its normal raw materials, so they can switch from any supplier to cheaper and more flexible one. Substitutes All producers always carry the concern of substitute products for their products and always looking for ways to protect and survive themselves from this phenomenon. Energy drink industry isnt an exception, so players in this industry always try to keep level of quality high, convenience price and other thing which may make costumers more satisfy. Coffee industry can be a threat for energy drinks because of the existing caffeine in coffee and it can be a powerful potential product substitute for energy drink. Therefore, Red bull must take care of its pricing strategy and product quality to keep its costumers and satisfy them more day by day which they were successful due to reports not only Red Bull could protect its products against other substitutes but also, they have increased in their market share in US market by 45% . Industry Analysis and Peer Review Industry Characteristics Beverage industry is divided into many categories such as alcoholic vs. non alcoholic, (hard vs. soft drinks) and within soft drinks still there is other segmentation such as carbonated soft drink (CSD) and non carbonated soft drink. Carbonated Energy Drinks account for less than half of the total volume. This figure is heavily skewed however by the popularity of still brands in Asia (Canadean Press release) According to Beverage Digest, in 2004 the U.S. non-alcoholic refreshment market totaled 14 billion cases (192-oz). Carbonated soft drinks made up 73.1% of the total with non-carbonated products comprising 13.7% and packaged bottled water accounting for 13.2%. Americans spent roughly $92.9 billion annually on refreshment beverages. Energy drink is a relatively new product introduced in 80s and has been growing noticeably with the market more than doubling in size since 1998 (Canadean Press release). The following chart is evidence of this inevitable growth and the attraction of this growth for drink manufacturer. The industry has been experiencing a significant growth and still growing at the speed that draws the big players in soft like Coca Cola drink to enter to this high margin business. Food and beverage market are critical enough that out of 100 new product development 90 NPD fails. The failure results from a poor interpretation of consumers trend and translation of those to opportunities. Austrian company, Red Bull, as a pioneer trend settler has made its fortune from their unique strategies in advertising, marketing and other products characteristics such as Packaging, Flavor, color and Product claim. Global consumption According to Beverage digest report, Asia is the largest leading market in consumption of energy drinks followed by Western Europe and North America as the second and third markets. Asia has been loosing some of 20% of its market share is past 6 years. However, this decline has been offset by the second and third market mainly due to the steady growth in market of carbonated E.D in North America. North American market is now almost 40 times greater than it was in 1998 Peer Review In North America today more than 200 energy drinks existed in US. According to bevNET.com, after a rigorous marketing research the best energy drinks are AMP by Pepsi Cola, KMX Red by Coca-Cola Company Red Bull by Red Bull North America. Red Bulls market dominance seems assured. No other competitors have either the distribution channels or, more importantly, the posture of rebellious infamy to be considered real threats. Year 2001, in UK energy drinks market 21 new drinks have been introduced that would have force the red bull into a competition. However, red bull can still enjoy being a market leader. In the following table there are representations of top 14 non- alcoholic markets where some of them are in the specific market of the energy drinks. Coca-Cola(Juice, Soft Drinks, Water) ($21bn) Suntory(Water, Soft Drinks) ($4.4bn) Nestle(Coffee, Soft Drinks, Water) ($19bn) Starbucks(Coffee) ($4.0bn) PepsiCo(Juice, Soft Drinks, Water) ($10bn) Sara Lee(Coffee) ($2.7bn) Kraft Foods(Coffee, Powdered Drinks) ($4.6bn) Tchibo(Coffee) ($2.7bn) Unilever(Tea ) ($4.5bn) Red Bull(Energy Drinks) ($1.6bn) Cadbury Schweppes(Soft Drinks) ($4.5bn) Cott Corp(Juice, Soft Drinks) ($1.4bn) Danone(Soft Drinks, Water) ($4.5bn) Ocean Spray Source: http://www.mind-advertising.com/sectors/sector_softdrinks.htm Industry Life Cycle Energy drinks were originally pioneered by Asian companies, but they became popular in Europe the late 80s with the arrival of Red Bull. There are more than 200 energy drinks existed in US market only and this figure is increasing due to the high margin of this business. In 2004, carbonated soft drinks posted the growth of 1% which is unlike its usual trend, case of growing 2% to 4%. Noticeably, this inevitable growth was driven by Diet and Energy drinks. While other carbonated drinks posted volume change of one Digit, brands like Red Bull and Hansen Natural reported the 45% and 56% of positive volume change in 2004. The market, now estimated to be worth $10 million, has been predicted to grow to $300 million or even as much as $2 billion in the next few years. Double digit growth in the market is the main factor contributing to Energy drinks life cycle in its embryonic phase (growth). Since the market is not old enough, the number of players are increasing and even the Coca Cola and Pepsi are the new entrant which add to the well-built assumption of embryonic phase. Brand loyalty and high expectations are still questionable in this stage and its because the consumers are still exposing to new products and new claims. Thus, players are fighting for product feature extension such as low-carbs and sugar free plus new products claims such as improve concentration, reaction time and endurance. After introduction of Red Bull in late 80s, industry went to an introduction phase. By 1998, the size of the industry doubled and still growing with a fast pace following highlighted area in the graph is an approximate stage of the life cycle at the moment. Internal Analysis Value Chain Primary Activity: Inbound outbound logistics Logistical issues at Red Bull in of high importance. Due to the fact that all ingredients in the Red Bull drink is synthetically made by pharmaceutical companies, they make sure that their products are carefully handled to maintain the quality and avoid unnecessary costs. Red Bull always makes sure that they align with premium logistics provider to achieve their strategic goals. Red Bull aims to have web-based visibility on their supply chain, thus they base their logistical activities or selection on: Flexible warehouse network Transportation management capabilities Strong information technology offering With 1,600 employees working for Red Bull world wide (Gulf News, Red Bull plans to set up Dubai plant), Red Bull required those standards as they are experiencing year-after-year of high growth, which make the inventory forecasting and management challenging. That is why logistical issues have become increasingly important, and that is why they choose to outsource the logistics to companies that can comply with their network of multi-client warehouses needs (Red Bull OH Logistics). Interestingly, Red Bull uses small distributors in small regional markets, if those small distributors dont perform up to Red Bulls standards they establish a warehouse and push young people to stuff their vans with Red Bulls product and distribute it every where. This way, the small distributors generally break even within three months and are profitable within six (A Bulls Market The marketing of Red Bull Energy Drink). Primary Activity: Operations There is little information about the operations process of Red Bull. However we will enlighten you with the contents and brief information about the packaging company that Red Bull deals with. The great product which is provided by Red Bull one of its main elements of success. Known for improving performance, improving concentration and reaction speed, improving vigilance, improving emotional status and stimulating metabolism, Red Bulls secret is in its ingredients. The ingredients in each Red Bull drink (250ml) consist of: Taurine (1000mg) Glucuronolacton (600mg) Caffeine (80mg) Niacin (20mg) Vitamin B6 (5mg) Pantothenic Acid (5mg) Vitamin B12 (0.005mg) According to Red Bull, It is a combination of all the ingredients together, which result in Red Bulls benefits (Red Bull, Ingredients).. The packaging process of Red Bull is fully done in Austria. And the supplier of Red Bulls cans is Rexam, and they are considered to be the worlds largest provider of beverage cans. Rexam manufactures different types of cans for different industries, however almost half of their revenues come from Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola. Moreover, industry estimates present that Rexam gained about $22 million from the sales of Red Bull cans (How Does Red Bull Package Its Product?). Primary Activity: Marketing and Sales: With the control of 70% of the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤1.6 billion market (about à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤1.12 billion), Red Bull has achieved all of this through intensive unconventional marketing strategies. Targeting young people, mainly the Y-generation, Red Bull has utilized eccentric marketing tools that has extremely effective on the target market. The strategy of sponsoring local activities like the Red Bull music academy in the USA, parachuting in South Africa, Go-Karts in Kuwait, and many more in different countries has achieved its target of attracting its target market which gets excited when viewing such sports. Some of the strategies used for marketing Red Bull include: Using pick-up trucks as mobile displays, painted blue and silver with a giant can of the drink mounted on top of the vehicle. Designed to be eye-catching, these devices were aimed at promoting the red bull brand as youthful and slightly off-the-wall. Cans of the drink were also given out free to people on the street who had been identified as being in need of energy. Red Bull was given to club DJs, empty cans would also be left on tables in hot spots such as trendy bars, clubs and pubs. Secondary Activity: Technology The information about the technology that Red Bull uses was quite scares. However we could safely say that Red Bull little activity done on their RD side because Red Bull does enjoy any sort of economies of scale. Red Bull has only one main product, which is the Red Bull energy drink and recently they introduced the new Red Bull energy drink sugar-free. Hence, the main difference between the original Red Bull drink and the sugar-free drink is that it has 0g of sucrose and 0g of glucose, where the original product has 21.5g of sucrose and 5.25g of glucose. Moreover, each sugar-free drink has only 8 calories (EU)/ 10 calories (USA), yet it does not loose any of its energetic effects (Red Bull, Ingredients). Secondary Activity: Human Recourse Red Bull is famous for practicing what they preach, especially when it comes to recruitment. Due to the fact that Red Bull promotes their product as a Hip and young product, they make sure to recruit staffs that are young, in touch with youth culture, dynamic and innovative. For example, they achieve that by recruiting university students as student brand managers to promote its product among young student groups (What Sort of People Work For Red Bull?). However their recruiting does not happen by Red Bull themselves, but they makes sure that it is implemented by all of the outsourced activities. However, it is known that most of Red Bulls 1,600 employees are marketing experts and are the real movers of the Red Bull drink (Marketing Eye, Red Bull Car). Group Customers and Market Segmentation As it is known any successful company should have a certain customer group. The customers that were targeted by Red Bull were the ones that were looking for excitement, alertness, and concentration depending on the age, status, and lifestyle. Four consumer categories were Red Bulls target under the age of 16-30: students, club people, sport people, and employees. College students were the main target of Red Bull. Since college students look for something that would enhance their concentration on doing their assignments and projects, and staying overnight for studying for exams then Red Bull is the best solution for them. It would improve their concentration in their studying Moreover; Red Bull has used this group to enhance their promotion. According to Biz/ed, throw parties those students were emboldened to market the product in the campuses of the universities as what they call them student brand managers. Those students collect the information and make a report of a market data research to the company. Depending on that strategy and the youth generation (high school and colleges students), Red Bull was able to spread the reputation and the popularity of the drink and concentrating on supplying the product rather than applying the traditional marketing ways of promotion (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business). The second category of Red Bull customers are the night club people, since the drink has some substances that would increase the persons emotional status. Moreover, Red Bull is offered in the nightclubs depending on the cultural background. For example, nightclubs in Dubai offer Red Bull for the people who do not drink alcohol like the Muslims, which made it a major substitute for alcohol to that group. However, Red Bull is still individually mixed with alcohol to create both the Red Bull highness and the alcohol sensation. Furthermore, Red Bull has also made music events for those groups of customers like the Red Bull Music Academy in 2005 in Seattle, Washington in the United States. (Red Bull Music Academy 2005) For the physical exertion that the drink offers, Red Bull has also promoted the product for the sport people. Among those people, there are the athletes, the racing drivers, the airborne-sport people, water-sport people, the bikers, the skateboarders, and the skiers. Red Bull highly endorsed this group with many sport festivals, and one of the famous one among those is the Red Bull Dolomite Man that took place in Austria in 2005. (Red Bull Dolomite Man) Red Bulls minor groups are the white-collar and the blue-collar workers. Red Bull can support white-collar workers to concentrate more on the job to improve their performance, and it would also help them stay overnight if he or she needed. The drink would also allow the blue-collar workers to work extra hours with out the feeling of exhaustions for the physical exertion that the drink provides. However, Red Bull did not concentrate on this group, so there were no special efforts directed towards them. Within the four groups, there a considerable amount of customers who look for diet product. For that category, Red Bull produced the sugar-free Red Bull to combine the diet customers with rest of the customers that are within the four groups. Business Level and Generic Strategy In the generic strategy Red Bull there are two views, there is a generic strategy from energy drink market perspective, and there is a generic strategy from soft drink market perspective. From the energy drink market perspective, since Red Bull has few economies of scope, the strategy adopted by Red Bull to follow is differentiation. The price of the drink is about 5Dhs in the UAE, which shows the clear differentiation of the product, especially in a market where every body is competing on the same customer segment. According to Biz/ed, Red Bull was able to build a strong brand image through: using Red Bull cars that had big cans on them, giving free cans to people, and providing Red Bull cans to club DJs (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business). This strategy made Red Bull to be the market leader of 70% market in the energy drink market. From the soft drink market industry wide perspective Red Bull applies the Focused-differentiation generic strategy. Red Bull has a very good brand image in terms of soft drinks industry. The drink can only maintain this image through focus-differentiating the product by separating their customers according to the demography (age, lifestyle, culture) and the geography, since the industry has many aggressive competitors with a powerful brand image like Coca Cola and Pepsi. SWOT Strengths Industry leadership Throughout the world, Red bull is the leader in the energy drinks market with annual sales of billion dollars. According to the statistics, in year 2003 red bull achieved 80% brand share of the energy drinks market in the UK. Also in the Europe, they produce two-thirds of overall volume in the region. Moreover, Red bull is competing in 13 West European countries and is the main leader in 12 of these and other top 20 brands are having only 17% of share. Since year 2000 (compare to 1990s), it has been a clear shakeout, and fewer new brands are launching new products to the market. Furthermore many products offered by leading drink manufacturers could not compete with Red bull in the market, such as Coca-Colas Burn. (Red Bull SWOT Analysis) Marketing capabilities The successful marketing strategies and consumer awareness of Red bull introduced stimulation drink